Bending angle (A) [Bend angle (A)]: Enter an angle that describes how far the pipe should be bent in this element (section of an arc). All values between 0° and 360° are valid.

Example:

Bending angle [Bend angle] 90°

Bending angle [Bend angle] 180°

Bending radius [Bend radius]: Enter the radius of the circle that the pipe follows.

Example:

Bending radius [Bend radius] 15 with a bending angle [Bend angle] of 180°

Bending radius [Bend radius] 6 with a bending angle [Bend angle] of 180°

Note The radius anchor point needs to be outside the geometry. Example: For bending mode Center radius (Rc), a circle with a radius of 5 requires a value greater than 5. With rotated rectangles it becomes more complicated, but the troubleshooting will give a hint if the radius is too small.

Toggle for radius reference point: With a click on the arrow you can open a list field where you can switch between different modes:

Rotation angle: Specify the angle for the orientation of the pipe run. Any angle between 0° and 360° is valid (360° is then again equivalent to 0°).

Example:

Rotation angle 0°

Rotation angle 180°

Bending angle [Bend angle]: Enter an angle that describes how far the pipe should be bent in this element (section of an arc). All values between 0° and 360° are valid.

Bending angle [Bend angle] 90°

Bending angle [Bend angle] 180°

Bending radius [Bend radius]: Enter the radius of the circle that the pipe follows.

Note The radius anchor point needs to be outside the geometry. Example: For bending mode Center radius (Rc), a circle with a radius of 5 requires a value greater than 5. With rotated rectangles it becomes more complicated, but the troubleshooting will give a hint if the radius is too small. Bend radius a little bit greater than the circle radius

Toggle for radius reference point: With a click on the icon, you can switch between different modes:

No. of segments [No. segments]: The number of pipe segments used to approximate a circle. This field does not allow variables or expressions.

Note Value “0” will result in an sharp edge. No. of segments (N) [Cnt. Segments (N)]: "0" The start and end segments are always perpendicular to the connecting pipe. These two elements are not counted under No. of segments (N) [Cnt. Segments (N)]. No. of segments (N) [Cnt. Segments (N)]: "3"

Rotation angle: Specify the angle for the orientation of the pipe run.

Valid values depend on the cross-section type. For circular [Circle] type, all values are valid. For the rectangular [Rectangle] type, the values are restricted to 0°, 90°, 180° and 270° due to the need for downward compatibility.

Cross-section [Cross section]: Select the cross-section type (circle [Circle] / rectangle [Rectangle] ).

Radius (R): (cross-section dimension): Define the size of the new cross-section.

Wall thickness (T) [Thickness (T)]: Only active if the entire pipe is hollow (see Fig. „ Initial cross-section [Initial cross section] -> circle [Circle] “). If yes, a value must be entered.

Length (L): Length of the element.

Torsion: Rotation of the cross-sectional plane around its center. The value is limited to a maximum of 180°. However, high values lead to strange solids. Check the result in the preview and, if in doubt, split the element into 2 elements, each with half the length and half the torsion.

The following example shows sweeps with rectangle cross sections.

Torsion 0°

Torsion 45°

Displacement: (Displacement X [Translation X] / Displacement Y [Translation Y] ) Enter the corresponding values to determine an off-center cross-section at the end element.

Length (L1): Length of the main branch.

Note The value should be at least the size of the diameter of the side branches (i.e. twice r ).

Branch position (L2): Position of the side branches.

Note The value should be at least the size of the radius (r ) of the side branches. This ensures that the side branch rests completely on the main branch.

Branch length (L3): Length of the lateral branches.

Note The value should be at least half the size of the diameter of the main branch (incoming cross section). (Not visible) start point of a side branch is in the center of the main branch. If the value is greater than the radius of the main branch, it is assured that the side branch stands out from the main branch.

Cross-section [Cross section] (circle [Circle] / rectangle [Rectangle] ): Select the cross-section type of the side branches.

Determine the radius (R) [Radius (R)] and wall thickness (T) [Thickness (T)] of the side branches. The input field under Wall thickness [Thickness (T)] (T) is only active if the Hollow section [Hollow body] option is activated under Initial cross-section [Initial cross section].

Bending angle (A) [Bend angle (A)]: Represents the angle between the main branch and its side branches. By default, the value is set to "90", which results in a T-shaped branch.

Rotation: Determines the angle for the direction of the first side branch (default 0° corresponds to the direction of the X-axis)

No. of branches (N) [Cnt. Branches (N)]: Determines the number of side branches. The side branches are distributed equally around the main branch. This field does not allow variables or expressions.